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Forced Labor

What is Forced Labor?

CBP defines forced labor as all work or service which is exacted from any person under the menace of any penalty for its nonperformance and for which the worker does not offer work or service voluntarily. Indentured labor is defined as work or service performed pursuant to a contract, the enforcement of which can be accomplished by process or penalties. This includes forced or indentured child labor.

CBP Forced Labor Enforcement Process

CBP Forced Labor Enforcement Process. 1) receipt of allegation or self-initiation 2) CBP Evaluation 3) Commissioner or Delegate Issues WRO or Finding 4) Issuance of WRO or Finding 5) Detention or Seizure of Merchandise

How does CBP address Forced Labor?

CBP implements Section 307 of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1307) through issuance of Withhold Release Orders (WRO) and findings to prevent merchandise produced in whole or in part in a foreign country using forced labor from being imported into the United States.

CBP is responsible for preventing the entry of products made with forced labor into the U.S. market by investigating and acting upon allegations of forced labor in supply chains.

The Human Trafficking Legal Center's June 2020 guide, Importing Freedom: Using the U.S. Tariff Act to Combat Forced Labor in Supply Chains, may be used to help the trade community strengthen petitions to CBP, and is one of several suggested tools to combat forced labor.

 

Withhold Release Orders and Findings List

Are your imported goods subject to a WRO or Finding?  Check the Withhold Release Orders and Findings List for information on any merchandise that may be subject to exclusion and/or seizure.  It is your obligation to be aware of your supply chain activities.

Forced Labor Statistics: Enforcement Actions
 

Total Active

FY 2023 Statistics
Representative Image for Findings

8

 Findings Representative Image for Findings

0

 Findings Issued
Representative Image for WROs

53

 Withhold Release Orders Representative Image for WROs

1

 Withhold Release Orders Issued
      Representative image for Modifications

3

 Withhold Release Orders & Findings Modified or Revoked
      Representative image for Detainments

3,605

 Entries Targeted*
      Representative image for Penalties

0

 Penalties Issued
* To better align CBP modernization efforts with detention data, the entry information above covers forced labor related targeted entries, which encompasses entries subject to detentions, that occurred between October 1, 2021, and September 30, 2022. Published quarterly.

 

The Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act 

The Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act (UFLPA) establishes a rebuttable presumption that the importation of any goods, wares, articles, and merchandise mined, produced, or manufactured wholly or in part in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of the People’s Republic of China, or produced by certain entities, is prohibited by Section 307 of the Tariff Act of 1930 and that such goods, wares, articles, and merchandise are not entitled to entry to the United States. 

The UFLPA rebuttable presumption went into effect on June 21, 2022. Please visit our UFLPA webpage for all updates on implementation. 

 

What are the indicators of Forced Labor?

The indicators listed below were developed by the International Labour Organization. They are intended to help “front-line” criminal law enforcement officials, inspectors, trade union officers, NGO workers, and others to identify persons who are possibly trapped in a forced labor situation, and who may require urgent assistance. These indicators represent the most common signs that point to the possible existence of a forced labor case. 

 

ILO indicators of Forced Labor

 

ILO Indicators of Forced Labor: Restriction of movement, abuse of vulnerability, isolation, debt bondage, retention of identity docments, deception, physical and sexual violence, abusive working and living conditions, excessive overtime, intimidation and threats, withholding of wages

Images above obtained via Adobe Stock.

General
China

China
  • On July 13, 2021, the U.S. Department of State, alongside the U.S. Department of the Treasury, the U.S. Department of Commerce, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative, and the U.S. Department of Labor issued an updated Xinjiang Supply Chain Business Advisory to highlight the heightened risks for businesses with supply chain and investment links to Xinjiang, given the entities complicit in forced labor and other human rights abuses there and throughout China. This updates the original Xinjiang Supply Chain Business Advisory issued by U.S. government agencies on July 1, 2020.
North Korea

Forced Labor and our Partners. Consumers Consumers can support CBP’s fight against forced labor by educating themselves through publicly available reports and information. Partner Government Agencies CBP relies on multiple Partner Government Agencies for the information and resources required to investigate. Domestic Importers and Businesses CBP encourages American retailers to have a thorough understanding of their supply chains, beyond their direct suppliers. Non-governmental Organizations CBP depends on non-governmental organizations around the world to provide critical information and details for forced labor allegations. Office of Trade. Follow us on Twitter. @CBPTradeGov

CBP encourages stakeholders in the trade community to closely examine their supply chains to ensure goods imported into the United States are not mined, produced or manufactured, wholly or in part, with prohibited forms of labor, i.e., slave, convict, indentured, forced or indentured child labor.

CBP regulations state that any person who has reason to believe that merchandise produced by forced labor is being, or is likely to be, imported into the United States may communicate his belief to any Port Director or the Commissioner of CBP (19 CFR 12.42).

If you wish to report allegations of forced labor violations, please submit them to CBP at the following address:  https://eallegations.cbp.gov/Home/Index2.  Allegations may be reported anonymously.  The more detailed and timely the information you provide, the more likely the enforcement action can be successful.

 

What to Include in your Forced Labor Allegation. Provide evidence showing: 1. Forced labor is taking place 2. A connection between the forced labor taking place and the U.S. market. Details Well-crafted allegations will include details such as the name of the business or investors, and the location or type of work site (i.e. mine, plantation, factory, type of commodity being produced, information on production methods). Send your completed allegations to Forcedlabor@cbp.dhs.gov or via the e-allegations portal on CBP.gov. Office of Trade. Follow us on Twitter. @CBPTradeGov

  • CBP hosts trade outreach events via free webinars, including those on forced labor, to the international trade community on CBP trade policy, as established by the agency.
     
  • CBP Trade Week has been held virtually since 2020, and has featured panel discussions and presentations on trade topics, including forced labor.  The 2021 session discussed the evolution of forced labor enforcement with emphasis on current issues and future direction.

The Forced Labor Technical Expo: Tools for Supply Chain Transparency, was held from March 14-15, 2023 and involved members of the U.S. importing community, partner government agencies with a nexus to forced labor enforcement, and non-governmental organizations. The sessions included presentations from industry, due diligence initiatives, supply chain modernization, and more.

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  • Last Modified: March 24, 2023