CBP History Timeline

2nd Act of the First Congress of the United States establishes a systems of tariffs on imported "goods and merchandises" in order to fund the new federal government.

5th Act of the First Congress of the United States establishes 59 customs collection districts in the 11 states that had ratified the new Constitution. Ports of entry, under the jurisdiction of a Collector of Customs, are designated by the Act, and the organization would soon come to be known as the U.S. CUSTOMS SERVICE.

Congress authorizes the President to utilize the U.S. Revenue Marine for the defense of the nation. (The U.S. Navy was not established until 1798.)

SPECIAL TREASURY AGENT position is created. From 1846-1860, agents submitted reports to the Treasury Department through the Collectors of Customs in the Customs district where they were employed. After 1860, the agents reported directly to the Department of the Treasury.

American statesman and U.S. Supreme Court Chief Justice John Jay signs the Amity, Commerce, and Navigation Treaty with Great Britain. Known as JAY’S TREATY, it provides for British evacuation of its Northwestern posts by June 1796, and allows settlers to decide if they become Americans or remain British citizens.

The NATURALIZATION ACT of 1795 changes residency requirements from two to three years and introduces the Declaration of Intention.

QUARANTINE AND HEALTH ACT enables the President to use Customs Collectors to enforce quarantine and state health laws.

The NATURALIZATION ACT OF 1798 (part of the Alien and Sedition Acts) permits the deportation of foreigners deemed to be dangerous and increases the residency requirements to 14 years.

The NATURALIZATION ACT OF 1798 is revised to reduce the residency requirement from 14 to 5 years.

The treaty finalizing the LOUISIANA PURCHASE is signed in Paris, changing the borders of the United States.

Importation of slaves in the United States is officially banned, though it continues illegally.

The STEERAGE ACT requires shipmasters to deliver lists of all aliens seeking immigration to the local Collector of Customs.

The COMMISSIONER OF PATENTS begins to distribute seeds and plants of foreign origin to farmers throughout the country.

Crops failures in Germany, social and political unrest in Europe, and the Irish Potato Famine (1845-1851) lead to mass immigration to the United States.

The TREATY of GUADALUPE HIDALGO ends the Mexican-American War and extends citizenship to approximately 80,000 people in Texas, California, and the American Southwest. The treaty also extends the US boundary by over 25,000 square miles and establishes the Rio Grande as the international border.

Congress passes the DRUG IMPORTATION ACT of 1848 to address the purity of drugs imported into the United States. The Act calls for the appointment of special examiners at six ports of entry - New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Charleston and New Orleans.

California gold rush spurs immigration from China and extensive internal migration.

The position of the SUPERVISING ARCHITECT of the TREASURY oversees the design and construction of federal buildings until the creation of the PUBLIC BUILDINGS ADMINISTRATION in 1939.

Castle Garden, previously a War of 1812 fort named Castle Clinton, opens as an immigrant landing depot. During the next 34 years, over 8 million people enter the United States through Castle Garden. It closes on April 18, 1890.

Congress passes the MORRILL ACT providing for increases of import tariffs. The revenue funds in part Union costs for the American Civil War.

The BUREAU OF INTERNAL REVENUE and a personal income tax are established by the Treasury Department in order to fund the costs of the Civil War. When the war ended, the Bureau and the income tax are abolished. Throughout this period, the Customs Service continues to be the major source of funding for the U.S. Treasury.

The U.S. Department of Agriculture establishes consular offices in foreign countries to obtain seeds and plants.

President Lincoln establishes the U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (USDA) without cabinet level status, and headed by a Commissioner of Agriculture. The USDA is charged to "procure, propagate and distribute among the American people new and valuable seeds and plants."

The Central Pacific hires Chinese laborers and the Union Pacific hires Irish laborers to construct the first transcontinental railroad.

SPECIAL AGENCY SERVICE established as a branch office in the Office of the Secretary of the Treasury. Three classes of Special Agents were established, according to the compensation each class was to receive.

The NATURALIZATION ACT 1870 expands citizenship to whites and African-Americans, while still excluding Asians and American Indians.

The REVENUE MARINE DIVISION combines the four Treasury functions of U.S. Revenue Marine, Life Saving, Steamboat Inspection and Marine Hospitals.

In 1894, the Revenue Marine Division is renamed the REVENUE CUTTER SERVICE, and on January 28, 1915, becomes the U.S. COAST GUARD.

The Supreme Court rules that immigration regulation is a federal responsibility.

The PAGE ACT of 1875 prohibits the entry of immigrants considered undesirable.

President Garfield is shot by Charles Guiteau, a disgruntled office seeker. This incident led to the passage of the Pendleton Act in 1883 and creation of the Civil Service, thus changing how government workers secure their positions.

Animal quarantine stations under the jurisdiction of the Customs Collectors and the Treasury Department in Baltimore, Boston, New York City and Philadelphia, are transferred to the BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY within the newly established Department of Agriculture.

The ALIEN CONTRACT LABOR LAW prohibits businesses from bringing people into the country for work except those who perform domestic service or skilled workmen needed to help establish a new trade or industry.

The STATUE OF LIBERTY is dedicated in New York Harbor.

Congress passes the IMMIGRATION ACT of 1891 denying entry to "persons suffering from a loathsome or a dangerous contagious disease," those convicted of a "misdemeanor involving moral turpitude," and polygamists.

Act of Congress establishes federal control over immigration and creates new executive position under the Treasury Secretary: SUPERINTENDENT of IMMIGRATION, who is now responsible for implementing national immigration policy, and charged with enforcing national laws and regulations regarding the processing, admittance or rejection of all persons seeking admission to the U.S.

The ELLIS ISLAND IMMIGRATION STATION in New York habor is opened. The wood building burns to the ground in 1897, and all immigrant processing is moved to the U.S. Customs Barge Office adjacent to Battery Park in lower Manhattan.

The GEARY ACT extends the Chinese Exclusion Act for ten years and requires all Chinese residents to carry permits. The act excludes them from serving as witnesses in court and from bail in habeus corpus proceedings.

Act of Congress creates the BUREAU OF IMMIGRATION in the Treasury Department. The same Act provides for the Presidential appointment of COMMISSIONERS GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION to serve at several points of entry, whose terms of appointment are to be four years.

Congress passes the LACEY ACT which restricts the importation of "injurious species."

President William McKinley is shot by a Polish anarchist causing Congress to pass the ANARCHIST EXCLUSION ACT, prohibiting entry to people judged to be anarchists or political extremists.

Establishment of the PUBLIC HEALTH AND MARINE HOSPITAL SERVICE in the Treasury Department. In 1912, the agency is renamed the PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE.

The Chinese Exclusion Act is renewed with no ending date.

The BUREAU OF IMMIGRATION is moved to the newly created Department of Commerce and Labor.

The BUREAU OF IMMIGRATION AND NATURALIZATION (INS) is created to administer the first uniform naturalization laws in the United States.

The DILLINGHAM COMMISSION is formed to investigate immigration issues.

The EXPATRIATION ACT declares that an American woman who marries a foreign national loses her citizenship.

Congress establishes the U.S. COURT OF CUSTOMS APPEALS, an appellate court with nationwide jurisdiction, that is today's COURT OF APPEALS for the FEDERAL CIRCUIT.

The DILLINGHAM COMMISSION, established in 1907, publishes a 42-volume report warning that the "new" immigration from Southern and Eastern Europe threatens American society. The Commission's recommendations provide the foundation for the Quota Acts of the 1920s.

The Department of Labor creates two new bureaus: the BUREAU OF IMMIGRATION and the BUREAU OF NATURALIZATION.

Congress authorizes the Bureau of Immigration to deploy MOUNTED GUARDS along the southwest border.

The passage of the IMMIGRATION ACT of February 15, 1917, adds qualifications for admission and increases the head tax to $8 per immigrant.

Congress enacts a literacy requirement for immigrants by overriding President Woodrow Wilson's veto. The law requires immigrants to be able to read 40 words in some language and bans immigrants from Asia, except for Japan and the Phillipines.

The Jones-Shafroth Act grants U.S. citizenship to Puerto Ricans.

During this 13 year period, customs and immigration enforcement along U.S. borders and seacoasts was in crisis, and the toll on federal officers was great. The U.S. Customs Border Patrol lost 20 officers in the line of duty; the U.S. Immigration Service lost 4 inspectors and the U.S. Immigration Service Border Patrol lost 24 officers in the line of duty. 

A temporary quota act limits the number of immigrants from individual foreign nations.

The Supreme Court rules in the case of United States v. Bhaghat Singh Thind that Indians from the Asian subcontinent cannot become U.S. citizens.

The Bureau of Immigration creates the IMMIGRATION BOARD OF REVIEW to examine deportations appeals.

The ORIENTAL EXCLUSION ACT prohibits most immigration from Asia, including foreign-born wives and children of American citizens of Chinese ancestry.

The Quota Act limits immigration into the United States to 150,000 annually and institutes the "national origins" provision that allocates quotas for foreign nations based on existing representation in the U.S. population.

Treasury Decision 42102 creates an independent BUREAU OF CUSTOMS, in the Department of the Treasury. Ernest Camp is selected to be the first COMMISSIONER OF CUSTOMS.

Jurisdiction of the SPECIAL AGENCY SERVICE is transferred by the Treasury Department to the newly established BUREAU OF CUSTOMS, and renamed the CUSTOMS AGENCY SERVICE.

A BUREAU OF PROHIBITION is created, but is abolished in two years because of overlapping responsibilities with Customs and Immigrations patrols.

The PLANT QUARANTINE AND CONTROL ADMINISTRATION in the Department of Agriculture brings exclusion (safeguarding) and plant health programs under one federal umbrella.

The National Origins Formula caps annual immigration at 150,000 and completely bars Asian immigration.

The Bureau of Immigration and the Bureau of Naturalization, in the Department of Commerce and Labor, are merged and transferred into the newly created Department of Labor as the U.S. IMMIGRATION AND NATURALIZATION SERVICE (INS).

All activities involving aircraft are consolidated under control of the Coast Guard (at the time under the Treasury Department). Customs continues to supervise all Treasury activities dealing with detection and prevention of smuggling of liquor and narcotics along the seacoasts and borders between the ports of entry. Customs aircraft are placed under direction of the Coast Guard Division Commanders for this purpose - however, certain Customs agents continue to fly confiscated aircraft without authorization.

Congress passes the Tydings-McDuffle Act that grants independence to the Philippines and strips Filipinos of American citizenship.

Establishment of the U.S. CUSTOMS SERVICE SCHOOL OF INSTRUCTION. Classes initially take place at the Port of New York. Harry F. Worley develops the training program and is responsible for the preparation of more than 40 lesson plans on diverse subjects, including a history of Customs.

Customs Border Patrol is placed under the Customs Agency Service. Four Customs Patrol districts are established, with headquarters at Buffalo, New York; Jacksonville, Florida; El Paso, Texas and Havre, Montana.

The U.S. signs the MIGRATORY BIRD TREATY with Mexico.

Congress repeals the Cable Act.

On July 14, 1940, the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) is transferred from the Department of Labor into the Department of Justice, where it will remain until March 1, 2003.

Congress passes the ALIEN REGISTRATION ACT that requires that all aliens over the age of 14 are registered and fingerprinted.

World War II increased the demands for agricultural workers, as food production was considered vital to winning the war. For the first time since World War I, it becomes necessary to recruit alien labor. A signed agreement between the U.S. and Mexico goes into effect on August 4, 1942, and provides for the importation of Mexican agricultural workers - known as the BRACEROS PROGRAM.

H-2A guest worker program begins when the Florida sugar cane industry obtained permission to hire Caribbean workers to cut sugar cane on non-immigrant temporary visas.

The War Brides Act facilitates the admission of spouses and families of returning American veterans.

The Displaced Persons Act of 1948 and the Refugee Act of 1953 allow admittance to the United States many refugees displaced by WWII and unable to enter the country under regular immigration procedures. These acts ultimately allow the admission of about 400,000 people.

Customs Patrol Service is abolished.

Public alarm over illegal aliens results in strengthening border controls and launching targeted deportation programs, most notably OPERATION WETBACK. Concern about criminal aliens prompts investigation and deportation of communists, subversives and organized crime figures.

CUSTOMS CO-OPERATION COUNCIL (CCC) is charged with ensuring the highest degree of harmony and uniformity in Customs systems worldwide.

Congress passes IMMIGRATION AND NATIONALITY ACT which establishes a system of preferences for skilled workers and relatives of citizens and permanent residents. It also amplifies security and screening requirements, consistent with Cold War alliances.

Plant Quarantine and Bureau of Entomology are transferred to the Agricultural Research Service.

The U.S. BORDER PATROL CANINE PROGRAM begins with the purchase of surplus sentry dogs from the U.S. military.

President John F. Kennedy assigns Border Patrol agents to prevent aircraft hijacking.

Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) peace officers replace Border Patrol agents in preventing aircraft hijacking.

The IMMIGRATION ACT OF 1965, also known as the HART-CELLER ACT, abolishes the national origins system as established in the Immigration Act of 1924 and modified by the Immigration Act of 1952.

CUSTOMS COMPUTER CENTER goes online.

U.S. CUSTOMS NATIONAL TRAINING CENTER opens at Hofstra University in Uniondale, N.Y.

CUSTOMS AIR INTERDICTION PROGRAM is established within the Customs Agency Service.

Meat and poultry inspection functions in the Department of Agriculture are transferred to the newly established ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE (APHIS).

The Bureau of Customs is renamed the UNITED STATES CUSTOMS SERVICE.

U.S. Customs Automated Merchandise Processing System (AMPS) goes operational in Philadelphia.

The Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (FLETC) moves to a new campus in Glynco, Ga.

The Border Patrol Academy at Los Fresnos closes and recruits are trained at the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center.

Mariel boatlift brings waves of Cubans to American shores.

The United States signs an agreement with Haiti to interdict Haitian boats and return prospective immigrants to Haiti. Under the agreement, 3,107 Haitians are returned by 1984.

The H-2 guest worker program is divided into the H-2A agricultural program and the H-2B non-agricultural program.

The IMMIGRATION REFORM AND CONTROL ACT OF 1986 (IRCA) amends the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 to control unauthorized immigration.

President Reagan signs the $1.7 billion ANTI-DRUG ABUSE ACT. Customs authorizes $25 million for development of three COMMAND, CONTROL, COMMUNICATIONS & INTELLIGENCE CENTERS (C3I CENTERS), seven radar aerostat balloons and eight Blackhawk helicopters. Customs and the U.S. Coast Guard share four high-tech E-2C radar planes.

At midnight on October 1, 1987, TECS II (TREASURY ENFORCEMENT COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM II) becomes operational at the New Orleans Airport port of entry. This system links telecommunications terminals and PCs located at user sites around the world to a central computer system and data base. This system continues to serve CBP.

Full implementation of CUSTOMS AUTOMATED COMMERCIAL SYSTEM (ACS), a comprehensive commercial system able to track and process electronically imports from manifest declaration through to liquidation, regardless of entry type, locations of activity or interface employed.

Dedication ceremony of the first helium-filled balloon, known as an AEROSTAT, at Fort Huachuca, Arizona. This is the first of six aerostats to be deployed along the Southern Border; all are part of U.S. Customs Project SOUTHWEST RADAR BALLOON PROJECT (SOWRBALL).

The Treasury Department establishes the FINANCIAL CRIMES ENFORCEMENT NETWORK (FinCEN), a government-wide, multi-source intelligence and analytical network to support law enforcement and regulatory agencies in the detection, investigation, and prosecution of financial crimes.

Plant Protection and Quarantine in USDA's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service begins to deploy inspectors overseas, in order to work with foreign counterparts in ensuring adherence to like international plant health standards.

Congress passes the WILD BIRD CONSERVATION ACT that restricts international trade of wild-caught birds.

NORTH AMERICA FREE TRADE AGREEMENT (NAFTA) is signed creating the CUSTOMS MODERNIZATION AND INFORMED COMPLIANCE ACT (MOD ACT), affecting carrier manifest requirements, electronic transmission of data, carrier entry and clearance procedures and carrier liability issues.

In June 1994, the Customs Co-operation Council adopts the working name WORLD CUSTOMS ORGANIZATION (WCO).

Congress passes the ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION REFORM AND IMMIGRANT RESPONSIBILITY ACT. The act creates stronger penalties for illegal immigration and revises the deportation process.

Economics, national security, and crime control foster the growth of the Immigration and Naturalization Service. The workforce that had numbered approximately 8,000 from WWII through the late 1970s is by 1998 more than 30,000 employees in 36 INS districts around the world.

Customs ends formal boarding of vessels to obtain copies of cargo manifest, review ship documents and collect fees. Vessel boarding is now made on a risk-assessment basis.

President Bill Clinton and Mexican President Ernesto Zedillo commit their nations to devise a joint strategy to combat drug trafficking.

The first U.S. CUSTOMS TRADE SYMPOSIUM is held in Washington, D.C., and showcases Customs' modernization anticipated for the 21st Century.

On September 19, 2001, the TERRORISM RESPONSE TASK FORCE is established to coordinate all investigative leads and intelligence information developed by Customs with regard to the terrorist attacks in New York City and Arlington, Virginia.

Creation of the OFFICE FOR ANTI-TERRORISM, in the Office of the Commissioner of Customs.

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) mandates the establishment of the FEDERAL AIR MARSHAL PROGRAM. U.S. Customs special agents support the new program until sufficient air marshals can be trained. About 125 Customs agents are dispatched to the FAA for assignment to commercial airline flights.

The Trade Adjustment Assistance Reform Act of 2002 (the Trade Act) requires advance electronic transmission of information on inbound cargo.

The first phase of Free and Secure Trade (FAST) is deployed to coordinate U.S. and Canadian commercial customs programs.

President George W. Bush signs bill creating the DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY.

The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) United States Visitor and Immigrant Status Indicator Technology (US-VISIT) Program is established to implement several statutes designed to enhance immigration controls, the integrity of our national borders, and, ultimately, our national security. These statutes collectively require DHS to create an automated entry and exit system; use available data to match alien arrival and departure records; use biometrics to deprive criminals and potential terrorists the ability to cross U.S. borders using fraudulent documents; and screen visa applicants and applicants for admission into the United States against law enforcement databases.

The Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act is enacted requiring prior notification to CBP and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of food imports.

Northern Border Security is enhanced by deploying more than 375 additional Border Patrol agents to the northern border.

CBP officially adopts the AUTOMATED COMMERCIAL ENVIRONMENT (ACE) Secure Data Portal to provide easy-to-use access to consolidated border processing information and to increase import and export efficiency while enhancing border security.

The ACE Secure Data Portal is launched with 41 importer accounts and CBP personnel supporting those accounts, sharing information online.

CBP unveils new highly sophisticated radiation portal monitors that scan cargo shipments in Jersey City, N.J. to better prevent the smuggling of radiological materials used in nuclear and radiological dispersal services (for example, "dirty bombs") through U.S. seaports.

DHS moves Air and Marine Operations from Immigration and Customs Enforcement to CBP.

The first and second air branches of the northern border become operational in Bellingham, Washington and Plattsburg, New York.

CBP Partners with the Food and Drug Administration to establish the 24/7 Prior Notice Center to assess the risks of imported food shipments.

Supreme Court upholds CBP authority to disassemble and thereby search a vehicle's gas tank for terrorist weapons, drugs, and other contraband, without the need to obtain a warrant or probable cause.

U.S. Customs and Border Protection Valor Memorial is unveiled at Washington, D.C. headquarters. The Memorial honors those agents, officers, and employees who have lost their lives in the line of duty.

The first sustained civilian use of unmanned aerials to curb illegal activities is put in place along Arizona's southern border.

Customs and Border Protection (CBP) Commissioner Robert C. Bonner announced that the organizational component responsible for promoting the integrity and security of the CBP workforce would be renamed the Office of Management Inspections and Integrity Assurance (MIIA). The new office replaced the office formerly known as Internal Affairs. Mr. Arthur Sinai was named Acting Assistant Commissioner for MIIA and served from April 2005 through March 2006.

The WESTERN HEMISPHERE TRAVEL INITIATIVE is announced which requires all U.S. citizens, Canadians, citizens of the British Overseas Territory of Bermuda, and citizens of Mexico to have a passport or other accepted secure document to enter or re-enter the United States.

CBP announces the establishment of the Office of Air and Marine. CBP also announces the integration of marine assets.

Operation Jump Start allows National Guard troops to be deployed to the southern border to assist the Border Patrol.

W. Ralph Basham becomes the second commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection.

CBP Commissioner W. Ralph Basham announced the office would reclaim the official title Office of Internal Affairs.

The SAFE Port Act to strengthen port and supply chain security becomes law. Among its provisions is a requirement to use radiation detection devices at U.S. ports.

The Office of International Trade (OT) is established to consolidate trade policy, program development, and compliance measurement functions into one CBP office.

First SBInet integrated mobile sensor tower tests successfully in Fort Walton Beach, Fla.

"Model Port" prototype designed to create a more welcoming environment at U.S. international airports is implemented at George Bush Intercontinental Airport in Houston.

Phase I of the SECURE FREIGHT INITIATIVE (SFI), designed to prevent nuclear terrorism, is piloted at two of the first six foreign ports. SFI program scans containers for radiological material before they are allowed to depart for the United States. Private sector partners include a global coalition of terminal operators, ocean carriers, and shippers.

CBP completes 154.7 miles of primary fence along the southwest border.

Under the Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative (WHTI), verbal declaration of citizenship is no longer accepted by CBP officers and agents. All adult travelers are required to present proof of citizenship, such as a birth certificate, and proof of identity, such as a driver's license, when entering the United States through land and sea ports of entry.

CBP announces a partnership with the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) and importers to expand the ISA program with a two year Product Safety Pilot (ISA-PS). It is a voluntary approach to product safety compliance, working to prevent unsafe imports.

CBP officially opens the Unmanned Aircraft System Operations Center in North Dakota.

Janet Napolitano becomes the third United States Secretary of Homeland Security. She is the first woman to serve in this position.

The Importer Security Filing Program, known as "10+2" goes into effect. It is designed to identify high-risk shipments to prevent smuggling and ensure the safety and security of cargo arriving by vessel.

Acting Commissioner Jayson Ahern and Jennifer Porter, chairperson of the Kootenai Tribe of Idaho, sign an agreement that establishes and Enhanced Tribal Card as a means to document a tribe member's identity, tribal membership and citizenship. The agreement is a major milestone in the implementation of Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative.

CBP assumes control of immigration procedures for the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CMNI). CBP's role in this historic undertaking began on January 16, 2009, when it published an interim final rule on the Guam-CNMI Visa Waiver Program. The new program extends the period of admission from 15 days to 45 days, expands the geographic area from Guam only to Guam and the CNMI, and modifies the list of eligible countries.

Commissioner Bersin announced the establishment of the Office of Technology Innovation and Acquisition (OTIA). Two existing elements were transferred into the new organization; the Office of Secure Border Initiative (SBI and SBInet), and elements of the Acquisition Program Management Office within the Office of Administration. A new position, Assistant Commissioner, Office of Technology Innovation and Acquisition, was also established.

New regulations are published in the Federal Register. A final rule amendment allows additional U.S. airports to request approval from CBP to process authorized flights between the U.S. and Cuba. Properly authorized flights to and from Cuba are now able to arrive at or depart from any U.S. airport that CBP has approved. The initial authorized list of airports includes John F. Kennedy International Airport, Los Angeles International Airport, and Miami International Airport. The ruling marks another step in drawing the two nations, which have not had formal diplomatic ties since 1961, closer to a more cordial relationship.

CBP officers arrest LAPD Most Wanted Fugitive as he arrived from Korea at LAX. The suspect, accused of murdering two males during a gang affiliated altercation, has been wanted for the past 12 years. He is accused of attempted murder for shooting two males during a gang affiliated altercation. In fiscal year 2011 CBP officers arrested 8,195 people wanted for crimes, including murder, rape, assault, and robbery.  CBP officers also denied entry to more than 215,600 people attempting to enter the U.S. through an air, land or sea port of entry who were found inadmissible for immigration, customs, health, criminal or national security reasons.

Launch of Automated Passport Control (APC), an innovative technological solution and collaborative approach to improving travel efficiency developed by the Vancouver, B.C. Airport Authority.  This is a first-of-its-kind partnership between CBP and the Vancouver, B.C. Airport Authority that enables eligible passengers traveling from Vancouver, B.C. International Airport to the U.S. to clear customs more efficiently by entering passport information at a self-service BorderXpress kiosk.

Revelation of an urgent humanitarian crisis resulting from a steep increase in unaccompanied children (UAC's) arriving at the Texas border.  90,000 women and children entered the U.S. in the first six months of 2014 - mainly from El Salvator, Honduras and Guatemala. DHS Secretary Jeh Johnson declared a level-four condition of readiness within the department, which claims the situation has exceeded the capacity of CBP and ICE, and additional resources are necessary from DHS and other departments and agencies. The message from the Administration is clear: Those crossing illegally into the U.S. will not be eligible to earn a path to citizenship. Illegal immigrants will also not be eligible for citizenship under the comprehensive immigration legislation under consideration, nor would they be eligible for deferred action for childhood arrivals.

The Laredo World Trade International Bridge is ranked as the No. 1 busiest land border crossing for commercial trucks in the nation.  The World Trade Bridge opened on April 15, 2000. There are 4 international bridges in Laredo (all owned by the City of Laredo): The Gateway to the Americas Bridge, opened 1956; The Lincoln-Juarez International Bridge, opened in 1976; The Columbia-Solidarity International Bridge, opened 1992; and The World Trade International Bridge, opened in 2000.

CBP launches “Know the Facts,” a new ad campaign warning potential migrants from El Salvador, Honduras, Guatemala, and Mexico against illegal immigration. The public information campaign placed Spanish-language radio spots in Mexico, along with strategically place posters, television, and radio spots in El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras. The purpose of the campaign is to increase awareness of U.S. immigration policies, enhanced border enforcement, and the dangers of the journey to the United States. The campaign emphasizes that current immigration policies do not provide new relief to people who cross the border illegally and that they will be a priority for removal.

On June 15, 2016, Enterprise Services is officially operational as a result of the 2016 CBP Headquarters Realignment.  Under the Executive Assistant Commissioner for Enterprise Services, eight mission support offices are grouped together under one organizational umbrella, including: Office of Accountability, Office of Finance, Office of Human Resources Management, Office of Training and Development, Office of Facilities and Asset Management, Office of Information and Technology, Office of Acquisition, and Office of Programming.

The United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement went into effect, replacing the North American Free Trade Agreement, to mutually benefit North American workers, farmers, ranchers, and businesses. This agreement leveled the playing field for American workers with improved rules of origin, better protection of intellectual property, and benefits for small-and medium-sized businesses.  OT played a key role in the implementation of the USMCA by writing and developing legal and regulatory documents, including the regulations for the agreement, establishing the USMCA Center to provide resources to internal and external stakeholders and ensuring compliance with USMCA requirements.  These efforts have led to the facilitation of $1.45 trillion USMCA imports since the implementation of the agreement through December 31, 2022.

In January 2021, the Office of Training and Development graduates the first class of Border Patrol Processing Coordinators (BPPCs), marking the first new frontline position created since CBP’s inception in 2003. BPPC’s were established with bi-partisan support to assist with administrative, processing, and humanitarian duties for people in the care and custody of the U.S. Border Patrol, allowing agents to return to their primary frontline homeland security mission.

In January 2021, the Office of Human Resources Management facilitated a policy change and obtained buy-in from operational offices to recognize all line of duty deaths equally.   HRM created a directive that assures all employees who die in the line of duty, including those who are non-law enforcement, are memorialized on the CBP Valor Memorial.